Photoelectric Effect

Bombard metal plates with photons of varying frequency to study emission threshold limits and stopping potential.

Target Cathode Metal:

Light Wavelength (λ):

450 nm

Light Intensity (Photons/s):

40%

Photon Energy (E): -

Threshold Frequency (f₀): -

Max Kinetic Energy (K_max): -

Stopping Potential (V₀): -

Photon Energy (E) E = h · f = h · c / λ

Maximum Kinetic Energy (K_max) K_max = E - W_0 = e · V_0 [where W_0 is metal work function]

Radioactive decay grid

Observe random probability decay cycles and trace the resulting exponential curves.

Isotope Half-Life (T_1/2):

4.0 s

Active Atoms (N): 225 / 225

Decayed Atoms (D): 0

Time Elapsed (t): 0.0 s

Decay Law N(t) = N_0 · e^(-λ · t) = N_0 · (1/2)^(t / T_1/2)

Decay Constant (λ) λ = ln(2) / T_1/2 ≈ 0.693 / T_1/2